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Pneumatic Piping Systems

How Do Pneumatic Piping Systems Work?

Pneumatic piping systems transport air generated by an air compressor compressed air, which is distributed through pipes to power tools and machines.

There are three main components to an air compressor system: the compressor, the distribution network (piping), and the end-use point. The air compressor draws in surrounding air and forces it into a pressurized chamber, where it is stored until needed. The distribution network, or piping, delivers the compressed air to the end-use points with minimal loss of pressure. Once the air reaches the end-use point, it is used to power pneumatic tools and machines.

A well-planned and maintained pneumatic piping system will deliver a sufficient volume and pressure of air, keeping tools and machinery running efficiently. However, an inefficient system will raise energy costs, cause frequent costly and time-consuming breakdowns, and reduce production output.

When selecting a compressed air piping system, consider the following points:

The material of the compressed air piping
The size of the pipes
The types of fittings available
The layout and energy efficiency of the piping system

Pneumatic Piping Options

Not Recommended:

Black Iron Piping
Galvanized Piping
PVC Piping
ABS, PE and HDPE Piping

For more details on each piping material, check out our compressed air piping blog!

Pipe Size

Piping measurements are based on the inner diameter of the pipe, so the thickness of the piping is irrelevant to the volume of air moved. However, you will need to consider the thickness if you’re installing the piping in tight spaces, as thicker-walled piping will take up more room.

Typically, the size of piping needed for your compressed air system will be based on how many cubic feet per minute (CFM) your system will be using at its highest demand point, as well as the diameter of your compressor outlet connector. If you’re planning a future expansion, consider your expected usage rather than your actual usage, to allow for simple expansion rather than a replacement of your compressed air system.

How do I know how much CFM we have?

Typically for every horsepower, a compressor delivers 4-5 CFM, at 100 psi. In other words, a 1 horsepower compressor will output around 4 to 5 CFM at 100 psi pressure. A 10 HP unit will output around 40 to 50 CFM at 100 psi.

The following sizes are generally recommended for the CFM of your system:

1/2″ (16mm) piping: up to 25 CFM
3/4″ (20mm) piping: 25 to 50 CFM
1″ (25mm) piping: 50 to 100 CFM
1-1/4″ (32mm) piping: 100 to 200 CFM
1-1/2″ (40mm) piping: 200 to 400 CFM
2″ (50mm) or larger piping: over 400 CFM

Pipe Fittings

The type of fittings you use will depend on the type of pipe you’re using. Listed below are the common types of fittings and piping systems they’re used with.

Push-to-Connect Fittings

Aluminum piping
Plastic piping

Compression Fittings

Aluminum piping
Stainless steel piping
Plastic piping

Press Fittings

Copper piping
Stainless steel piping
Black iron piping
Galvanized piping

Threaded Fittings

Black iron piping
Galvanized piping
Stainless steel piping

Welding

Black iron piping
Stainless steel piping
Galvanized piping

Soldering/Brazing

Copper piping

Pipe Layout & Energy Efficiency

The location of your piping and how it’s installed are critical to choosing your piping layout, as well as the energy efficiency of your system.

You’ll want to consider the temperatures in your facility. You may want to cool the air intake, as cooler air takes less energy to compress than warmer air. You will want to avoid humid parts of your facility that could increase the risk of corrosion, as well as areas where the piping could freeze during the colder months. As air travels along the piping system, temperatures can fluctuate, so reducing the length of the path will lower the risk of temperature changes.

Your pipes should be clear of any objects that could damage them, and you’ll want to avoid sharp corners and bends so that the air can move freely through the system. If you’re using a type of piping that requires support, supports should be placed every 6-8 feet to avoid sagging or collapsing.

Connectors should be properly placed so that leaks can be minimized. Valves and filters should be located as close as possible to the end-use points.

Installing or replacing a pneumatic piping system can seem like a daunting task, as there are so many details to consider. The SyncQuip team can make it easier though – reach out for more information, or to decide which pneumatic piping system is the best for your production needs!